Sunday · September 27, 2026
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American history, reported as it happened
Made for the 250th
19291776 Club

Fifty-seven nations have now sworn off war; a Wisconsin senator asked who would enforce it

The treaty binding fifteen original signers to renounce war takes legal effect, with no army, court, or penalty behind it.

Nearly a year after diplomats gathered in Paris to sign it, the General Treaty for the Renunciation of War became binding on July 24, 1929. Secretary of State Frank Kellogg and French Foreign Minister Aristide Briand had built the pact from an idea two American lawyers, Salmon Levinson and James Shotwell, first pitched as a simple treaty between Washington and Paris. By the time it took effect, the pact had already been signed by 15 nations, with a total of 57 states joining as parties by the end of 1929, each declaring war "renounced as an instrument of national policy." The treaty named no enforcer and set no penalty for breaking it…

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More from July 24
1974

Supreme Court rules 8-0: Nixon must hand over the tapes

Executive privilege has limits, Chief Justice Burger writes, and the special prosecutor gets his subpoena.
1969

Apollo 11 splashes down in the Pacific; Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins are home

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1866

Tennessee is back in the Union; no other rebel state gets the deal

Congress lets Tennessee skip military rule because it ratified the Fourteenth Amendment first.
19591776 Club
The Vice President pushes back on a lemon juicer's honor at the American National Exhibition in Sokolniki Park.
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More from The World Wars
1942

Japanese submarine shells Fort Stevens; Doney orders blackout, holds his guns

Commander Tagami surfaces I-25 at the Columbia River mouth after dark, fires seventeen rounds, and slips away undamaged, leaving cut telephone lines on the Oregon coast.
1942

Congress makes the Pledge of Allegiance official, fifty years after a magazine wrote it

The wording, unchanged from Bellamy's 1892 Columbus Day campaign, is now federal law, with the United States seven months into war.
1944

Roosevelt signs the Servicemen's Readjustment Act; veterans to get mortgages, tuition, and a year's pay

Congress voted unanimously, sixteen days after D-Day, with the WWI bonus debacle and the 1932 Bonus Army march still fresh in every lawmaker's memory.
1945

Flag rises on Okinawa; Ushijima and his chief of staff are dead by their own hand

Eighty-two days of cave fighting, monsoon rain, and kamikaze attacks end with organized Japanese resistance broken and ninety miles of runway in Allied hands.
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