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The events of July 10 · Read the full edition → · More from July 10 →
18321776 Club

Jackson kills the Bank recharter; the largest monied corporation on Earth loses its grip on the Treasury

Despite $250,000 spent lobbying Congress, Nicholas Biddle cannot save the charter; Jackson calls the Bank a monopoly bending government to "the selfish purposes" of the rich.

By 1832, the Second Bank of the United States was the largest monied corporation on Earth, holding the government's deposits and, in Andrew Jackson's eyes, an elite grip on American democracy. On July 10, Jackson vetoed the bill renewing its charter, calling it a monopoly that let "the rich and powerful bend the acts of government to their selfish purposes." Bank president Nicholas Biddle had spent over $250,000 lobbying Congress to save it. Jackson killed it anyway, and made the fight the centerpiece of his reelection campaign…

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More from July 10
1942

Navy pilot spots a downed Zero on Akutan Island; the U.S. has its first intact enemy fighter

Bill Thies, flying a PBY, finds Petty Officer Koga's crashed Zero upside down in the mud, a month after it went down during the Dutch Harbor attack.
1890

Harrison signs Wyoming into the Union; women's suffrage comes with it

The 44th state enters with its suffrage provision intact, approved by voters 6,272 to 1,903 last November, a condition Congress had to accept whole or not at all.
1962

AT&T's Telstar 1 rides a Delta rocket into orbit from Cape Canaveral

The 88-centimeter sphere is now circling Earth; AT&T says it is built to carry live television across the Atlantic.
19431776 Club
Wind scatters the 82nd Airborne across the southeast of the island before the first shot is fired, as American, British, and Canadian troops hit the beaches.
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More from Expansion & Antebellum
1846

Congress declares war on Mexico; Polk tells the nation its blood was shed on its own soil

The vote formalizes three weeks of open conflict rooted in a disputed border, the annexation of Texas, and a decade of unresolved claims between two nations.
1854

Pierce signs the Kansas-Nebraska Act; the Missouri Compromise's thirty-four-year line is gone

Douglas's "popular sovereignty" doctrine now lets settlers in both territories vote on slavery themselves, erasing the 36°30' ban that has held since 1820.
1846

Thirty-three armed settlers seize Sonoma before dawn; California declares itself a republic

General Vallejo is taken prisoner in his own home, 170 government horses are seized, and a hand-sewn bear flag now flies over the barracks.
1859

Captain Brooks claims a mid-Pacific atoll for the United States; he calls it the Middlebrook Islands

The sealing ship Gambia raised the flag under the Guano Islands Act, planting a U.S. claim a third of the way between Honolulu and Tokyo.
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