Wednesday · November 11, 2026
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American history, reported as it happened
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Congress ends decades of patronage printing; a federal office will do the work itself

A joint resolution creates the Government Printing Office, replacing private contractors blamed for inflated costs and uneven quality across all three branches.

By 1860, the federal government had been farming out its printing work to private contractors for decades — an arrangement plagued by patronage, inflated costs, and inconsistent quality. On June 23, 1860, Congress passed a joint resolution establishing the Government Printing Office to bring that work in-house, under direct federal control. The GPO opened its doors on March 4, 1861 — the same day Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated — with 350 employees and a mandate to serve all three branches of government. The brick building it eventually planted at North Capitol and H Street NW became one of the largest printing operations in the world…

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More from June 23
1972

Nixon tells Haldeman to use the CIA to block the FBI's Watergate inquiry

Six days after the break-in at Democratic headquarters, the Oval Office recording system captures the President invoking national security to shut down investigators.
1961

Twelve nations' Antarctic pact takes force; military operations and nuclear tests are now banned on the continent

The agreement, signed in 1959 after Argentine marines fired on British researchers, designates everything south of 60°S as a scientific preserve open to all signatories.
1972

Nixon signs 37 words into law; no federal program may turn away a student on the basis of sex

Senator Birch Bayh's passage, buried in the Education Amendments of 1972, draws almost no public attention at the signing.
17801776 Club
Continental troops and New Jersey militia blunt both British columns at the Rahway crossings, and the redcoats leave nearly the whole town in ashes as they pull back.
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More from Expansion & Antebellum
1859

Captain Brooks claims a mid-Pacific atoll for the United States; he calls it the Middlebrook Islands

The sealing ship Gambia raised the flag under the Guano Islands Act, planting a U.S. claim a third of the way between Honolulu and Tokyo.
1846

Sloat raises the flag over Monterey; Mexico's California falls without a shot

Sailors and marines from three warships walk ashore unopposed, ending both Mexican rule and the weeks-old California Republic declared at Sonoma.
1821

Spain hands over Florida; the U.S. takes possession of the peninsula under the Adams-Onís Treaty

Madrid settles for $5,000,000 in claims after years of Seminole raids, runaway slaves, and Jackson's soldiers crossing the border uninvited.
1848

Stanton and Mott open a women's rights convention in Seneca Falls; 300 gather at the Wesleyan Chapel

A Declaration of Sentiments modeled on the Declaration of Independence is read on the first day, its most disputed line demanding the vote for women.
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